Provincial and National
The national disability rate in 2017 for individuals 15 years and older was 22.3%, with Ontario being a little bit higher at 24.1%. In other words, 6.2 million Canadians and 2.9 million Ontarians have at least one disability. The rate for children (0 to 14 years) whose parent reported that their child had an activity limitation due to a difficulty or long-term condition was 13.5%. As the Canadian population ages the disability rate increases to 47.4% for individuals 75 years and older. It should be noted that the data collected does not represent individuals with disabilities living in institutions such as group homes and long-term care. In considering rates of disability, it is important to realize that these differ in terms of age, gender, type and severity of disability and whether individuals have multiple disabilities.
The employment rate for Canadians with disabilities aged 15-64 years is much lower (59%) than for those without disabilities (80%), and this discrepancy increases as the severity of disability increases. Data shows that amongst individuals with severe disabilities that they are more likely to work part-time compared to those with less severe and no disability. It is important to realize that reduced hours of work can be a requested workplace accommodation. The employment rate is linked to level of education, and this is lower for those with disabilities and, especially those with a higher level of severity. In Canada approximately 645,000 individuals with disabilities have the potential to work, if workplaces are inclusive, accessible and provide required accommodations. What is striking is that data shows that individuals with severe disabilities with a university education are less likely to be employed compared to individuals without disabilities who have a high school education or lower. This points to people with disabilities, and especially more severe disabilities, experiencing significant barriers to entering and staying in the workforce. Studies show that across factors such as job performance, attendance, safety, and turnover rate people with disabilities far out rank their colleagues without disabilities. People with disabilities represent a large untapped source of skilled workers, which could solve many employer needs in Ontario and Belleville.
It is important to understand the significant impacts of the pandemic on the employment stability of persons with disabilities. Two-thirds of individuals with a disability or long-term condition reported being employed before the pandemic compared to 55% in 2020 (Statistics Canada, 2020). More than 36% lived through job loss or reduced hours since March 2020. The changes in employment were more likely to affect those with severe disabilities and younger adults.
A critical concern is the higher proportion of people with disabilities living in poverty, with this rate increasing with level of severity. Canada’s First Poverty Reduction Strategy recognizes that individuals with disabilities are at an increased risk of living in poverty. The data substantiate this claim as Canadians 25 to 64 years are more likely to live in poverty if they have more severe disabilities (28%) compared to those without disabilities (10%) or with milder disabilities (14%). The newly passed Canada Disability Benefit (CDB) Act focuses on tackling the high poverty rate amongst the disability community by introducing a new benefit for working-age adults with a disability. Barriers to education and employment, reliance on government income-support programs and increased costs related to medication, supports and aids can lead to these differences. It is important to help people with disabilities to access all the supports and financial entitlements for which they are eligible. The poverty rate is higher in single-parent households, which are predominantly headed by women. A quarter of the Canadian population with disabilities spend more than 30% of their total income on shelter costs.
There is evidence supporting the impacts of barriers on the lives of Canadians with disabilities. A lack of specialized transportation for those Canadians with disabilities aged 15 and older (17.8%) was the reason they considered themselves housebound. Of Canadians with disabilities aged 15-64 years looking for work, 24.7% indicated that a lack of transportation was a key barrier. At least one information, communication or technology related barrier was the reason that 18.2% of persons with disabilities did not use the internet. Rich Donovan in his interim review of the AODA (2023) emphasizes that societal attitudes towards disability remain a significant barrier.
Technology was also found to help address these barriers with 11.7% of Canadians with disabilities using a cellphone, smartphone or smartwatch with specialized features or a computer, laptop or tablet with specialized software or adaptations because of their disability. These individuals used a variety of software including 39.3% that used text-speech, speech-text or voice recognition, 30% used screen magnification, and 16.4% used screen readers.
Besides the workforce and poverty, it is essential for government and business to realize that people with disabilities and their families have significant spending power of $40 billion annually across Canada (Retail Council of Canada, 2019). The Ontario government has noted that “Improving accessibility can create up to $9.6 billion in new retail spending and $1.6 billion in new tourism spending in Ontario over five years”. It has been conclusively demonstrated that adopting inclusive hiring and business practices has a positive effect on consumers, and thus business profits. This fact is very important to Belleville when promoting the City not only as a great place to live and work, but as a place to establish and grow local businesses.
Local
The population of Belleville is 55,071, and the population of the Quinte Region is 220,000. Using the Ontario disability rate means that approximately 13,272 people in Belleville and 53,020 people in Quinte live with at least one disability. Belleville’s population has been increasing at a faster rate than other eastern Ontario cities and the region generally. This growth in new households from 22,744 (2016) to 24,582 (2021) is mainly due to children moving out on their own and new families and individuals moving into the city. According to the City of Belleville’s Strategic Plan (2012- 2032) the population will increase to 60,000 by 2030, with annual growth rates estimated between 0.7% and 1.2%. By 2051 the city’s total population is expected to be between 70,000 and 81,000 residents (Watson and Associates Economists LTD, 2022).
The aging of Belleville’s population, like many Canadian cities, means that the disability rate will increase. Belleville’s population is already older than the provincial average, and the average age of residents is expected to increase. According to a past Municipal Comprehensive Review (Watson and Associates Economists Ltd, 2022), population growth in Belleville can be attributed mainly to persons over the age of 55. This review projected that by 2036, the 55+ age group will represent 47% of Belleville’s population. Most notably, the percentage of population in the 75+ age group (older seniors) is forecast to almost double from 11% in 2021 to 19% in 2051. With the Canadian disability rate for 65 years and older being 37.8% that means that this population will also be increasing. From an accessibility perspective, and given the data above, the implications of this trend are quite significant.
Belleville’s poverty rate as measured by the low-income cut-off is 9.2%, with Hastings County at 6.7% and Ontario at 9.8%. The breakdown in the Parkland and Recreation Master Plan shows that the number of people living in poverty is not even across the city. The areas of the city with the highest proportion of individuals living in poverty were mostly focused Downtown, between Palmer Street and Sidney Street, and along Station Street between Downtown and Herchimer Avenue. There is an important relationship between disability and poverty, and research shows that these individuals are more likely to have poor health outcomes. City facilities and services must be accessible to all people with disabilities and recognize the additional barriers facing those living in poverty.
Belleville is a great place to live, work, play, and invest. This statement on our City’s website should remain true for all citizens and visitors of Belleville regardless of age, income, or ability. When we put accessibility considerations as a priority, we make Belleville a better place to live, work, play, and invest for everyone. Only when we do this can we see the City of Belleville reach its potential and flourish into a vibrant and inclusive community.
What Do The Numbers Tell Us?
To provide appropriate and effective accommodations and barrier reductions it is essential to understand the characteristics of people with disabilities, and how their experiences may differ due to age, gender, type and severity of disability, income, and household characteristics. Data can help identify priorities and focus priorities. Given a lack of data at the local level it is important to understand the National and Provincial profile to estimate the number of people with disabilities living in Belleville, and the characteristics of this population.
Here are some key points that help to summarize the data:
- 1 in 4 adults and 1 in 6 children within the Belleville area have a definable disability.
- The rate of disability is increasing due to an aging population, and medical improvements in the detection, assessment, and treatment of long-term health conditions.
- Employment amongst all persons with disabilities lags and does so despite increased job vacancy and employment needs in the country, province and local area.
- The relationship between disability and poverty must be addressed by all levels of government. A lack of employment and inability to access financial supports and entitlements impact the poverty rate. It is also well known that living in poverty and the lack of health equity in terms of things such as inadequate access to housing and nutritious food, inability to pay for supports and aids, can impact health, leading to disability and more challenges living with a disability.
- Lack of accessible transportation is an important barrier to alleviate for people with disabilities.